Reconstruction of a grounded object in an electrostatic halfspace with an indicator function

This article explores the use of capacitance measurements made between electrodes embedded in or around a display surface, to detect the position, orientation and shape of hands and fingers. This is of interest for unobtrusive 3D gesture input for interactive displays, so called touch-less interaction. The hand is assumed to be grounded and formally the problem is a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in which Cauchy data on the boundary H (the display surface) is used to reconstruct the zero potential contour of the unknown object D (the hand). The problem is solved with the so-called factorisation method developed for acoustic scattering and electrostatic problems. In the factorisation method, a test function gz is used to characterise points [image omitted], in which [image omitted] is the Dirichlet to Neumann map on the display surface. We demonstrate a suitable test function gz appropriate to the boundary conditions present here. In the application, D is obtained from measurements at finite precision as a finite matrix and the calculation of [image omitted] is implicitly regularised. The resulting level set P(z) is finite and differentiable everywhere. The level representing the object D is found through minimising the cost function. Numerical simulations demonstrate that for realistic electrode layouts and noise levels the method provides good reconstruction. The application of explicit regularisation filters can be beneficial and allows a trade-off between resolution and stability.