Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique

Ruochen Huang; Mingyang Lu; Ziqi Chen; Wuliang Yin

doi:10.3390/s22010201

Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique

Ruochen Huang, Mingyang Lu, Ziqi Chen, Wuliang Yin

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Abstract

Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing is one of the promising techniques in the field of non‐destructive testing with advantages of the non‐contact capability and the reduction of lift‐off effects. In this paper, a novel crack detection approach was proposed to reduce the effect of the angled crack (cack orientation) by using rotated ACFM techniques. The sensor probe is composed of an excitation coil and two receiving coils. Two receiving coils are orthogonally placed in the center of the excitation coil where the magnetic field is measured. It was found that the change of the x component and the peak value of the z component of the magnetic field when the sensor probe rotates around a crack followed a sine wave shape. A customized accelerated finite element method solver programmed in MATLAB was adopted to simulate the performance of the designed sensor probe which could significantly improve the computation efficiency due to the small crack perturbation. The experiments were also carried out to validate the simulations. It was found that the ratio between the z and x components of the magnetic field remained stable under various rotation angles. It showed the potential to estimate the depth of the crack from the ratio detected by combining the magnetic fields from both receiving coils (i.e., the x and z components of the magnetic field) using the rotated ACFM technique.

Original language	English
Article number	201
Journal	Sensors
Volume	22
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010201
Publication status	Published - 28 Dec 2021

Keywords

Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing
Coil‐crack angle sensitivity
Conductive plate
Crack detection
Finite element method (FEM) acceleration
Magnetic induction

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10.3390/s22010201Licence: CC BY

sensors-22-00201-v2Final published version, 7.02 MBLicence: CC BY

Electromagnetic Sensing Group
Peyton, A. (PI), Fletcher, A. (Researcher), Daniels, D. (CoI), Conniffe, D. (PGR student), Podd, F. (PI), Davidson, J. (Researcher), Anderson, J. (Support team), Wilson, J. (Researcher), Marsh, L. (PI), O'Toole, M. (PI), Watson, S. (PGR student), Yin, W. (PI), Regan, A. (PGR student), Williams, K. (Researcher), Rana, S. (Researcher), Khalil, K. (PGR student), Hills, D. (PGR student), Whyte, C. (PGR student), Wang, C. (PGR student), Hodgskin-Brown, R. (PGR student), Dadkhahtehrani, F. (PGR student), Forster, S. (PGR student), Zhu, F. (PGR student), Yu, K. (PGR student), Xiong, L. (PGR student), Lu, T. (PGR student), Zhang, L. (PGR student), Lyu, R. (PGR student), Zhu, R. (PGR student), She, S. (PGR student), Meng, T. (PGR student), Pang, X. (PGR student), Zheng, X. (PGR student), Bai, X. (PGR student), Zou, X. (PGR student), Ding, Y. (PGR student), Shao, Y. (PGR student), Xia, Z. (PGR student), Zhang, Z. (PGR student), Khangerey, R. (PGR student) & Lawless, B. (Researcher)
1/10/04 → …
Project: Research

Cite this

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title = "Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique",

abstract = "Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing is one of the promising techniques in the field of non‐destructive testing with advantages of the non‐contact capability and the reduction of lift‐off effects. In this paper, a novel crack detection approach was proposed to reduce the effect of the angled crack (cack orientation) by using rotated ACFM techniques. The sensor probe is composed of an excitation coil and two receiving coils. Two receiving coils are orthogonally placed in the center of the excitation coil where the magnetic field is measured. It was found that the change of the x component and the peak value of the z component of the magnetic field when the sensor probe rotates around a crack followed a sine wave shape. A customized accelerated finite element method solver programmed in MATLAB was adopted to simulate the performance of the designed sensor probe which could significantly improve the computation efficiency due to the small crack perturbation. The experiments were also carried out to validate the simulations. It was found that the ratio between the z and x components of the magnetic field remained stable under various rotation angles. It showed the potential to estimate the depth of the crack from the ratio detected by combining the magnetic fields from both receiving coils (i.e., the x and z components of the magnetic field) using the rotated ACFM technique.",

keywords = "Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing, Coil‐crack angle sensitivity, Conductive plate, Crack detection, Finite element method (FEM) acceleration, Magnetic induction",

author = "Ruochen Huang and Mingyang Lu and Ziqi Chen and Wuliang Yin",

note = "Funding Information: Author Contributions: Conceptualization, R.H. and W.Y.; methodology, R.H. and M.L.; software, R.H.; validation, R.H., M.L., and Z.C; formal analysis, R.H.; data curation, R.H. and Z.C.; writing— original draft preparation, R.H.; writing—review and editing, R.H., M.L., and W.Y.; supervision, W.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was supported by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through the project (Real‐time In‐line Microstructural Engineering (RIME)) under Grant EP/P027237/1 and the UK Research Centre in Non‐Destructive Evaluation (RCNDE) under contract EP/L022125/1. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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doi = "10.3390/s22010201",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

journal = "Sensors",

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T1 - Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique

AU - Huang, Ruochen

AU - Lu, Mingyang

AU - Chen, Ziqi

AU - Yin, Wuliang

N1 - Funding Information: Author Contributions: Conceptualization, R.H. and W.Y.; methodology, R.H. and M.L.; software, R.H.; validation, R.H., M.L., and Z.C; formal analysis, R.H.; data curation, R.H. and Z.C.; writing— original draft preparation, R.H.; writing—review and editing, R.H., M.L., and W.Y.; supervision, W.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was supported by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through the project (Real‐time In‐line Microstructural Engineering (RIME)) under Grant EP/P027237/1 and the UK Research Centre in Non‐Destructive Evaluation (RCNDE) under contract EP/L022125/1. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/12/28

Y1 - 2021/12/28

N2 - Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing is one of the promising techniques in the field of non‐destructive testing with advantages of the non‐contact capability and the reduction of lift‐off effects. In this paper, a novel crack detection approach was proposed to reduce the effect of the angled crack (cack orientation) by using rotated ACFM techniques. The sensor probe is composed of an excitation coil and two receiving coils. Two receiving coils are orthogonally placed in the center of the excitation coil where the magnetic field is measured. It was found that the change of the x component and the peak value of the z component of the magnetic field when the sensor probe rotates around a crack followed a sine wave shape. A customized accelerated finite element method solver programmed in MATLAB was adopted to simulate the performance of the designed sensor probe which could significantly improve the computation efficiency due to the small crack perturbation. The experiments were also carried out to validate the simulations. It was found that the ratio between the z and x components of the magnetic field remained stable under various rotation angles. It showed the potential to estimate the depth of the crack from the ratio detected by combining the magnetic fields from both receiving coils (i.e., the x and z components of the magnetic field) using the rotated ACFM technique.

AB - Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing is one of the promising techniques in the field of non‐destructive testing with advantages of the non‐contact capability and the reduction of lift‐off effects. In this paper, a novel crack detection approach was proposed to reduce the effect of the angled crack (cack orientation) by using rotated ACFM techniques. The sensor probe is composed of an excitation coil and two receiving coils. Two receiving coils are orthogonally placed in the center of the excitation coil where the magnetic field is measured. It was found that the change of the x component and the peak value of the z component of the magnetic field when the sensor probe rotates around a crack followed a sine wave shape. A customized accelerated finite element method solver programmed in MATLAB was adopted to simulate the performance of the designed sensor probe which could significantly improve the computation efficiency due to the small crack perturbation. The experiments were also carried out to validate the simulations. It was found that the ratio between the z and x components of the magnetic field remained stable under various rotation angles. It showed the potential to estimate the depth of the crack from the ratio detected by combining the magnetic fields from both receiving coils (i.e., the x and z components of the magnetic field) using the rotated ACFM technique.

KW - Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing

KW - Coil‐crack angle sensitivity

KW - Conductive plate

KW - Crack detection

KW - Finite element method (FEM) acceleration

KW - Magnetic induction

U2 - 10.3390/s22010201

DO - 10.3390/s22010201

M3 - Article

C2 - 35009744

SN - 1424-8220

VL - 22

JO - Sensors

JF - Sensors

IS - 1

M1 - 201

ER -

Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique

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Keywords

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