Reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation: an ancient technique that has stood the test of time

The first known recorded evidence for the reduction of a mandibular joint dislocation is documented in a papyrus dated to c. 1500 BC that originated from ancient Egypt. This same technique was later discussed by Hippocrates in Greece and the Hippocratic Corpus is referred to in early Islamic writings, recorded in medieval European texts and eventually incorporated into modern dental and medical practice. Today mandibular joint dislocation is probably not that common a finding but to be included in an important ancient Egyptian treatise predominately concerned with trauma to the head and neck could suggest it was a more frequent occurrence in antiquity. This could relate to the heavy tooth wear, frequent antemortem tooth loss and the related sequelae of severe malocclusion and overclosure evident in many surviving ancient Egyptian skulls.