@article{6fa7a593a81c476a8df5a6eff02dee13,
title = "Shaping of the present-day deep biosphere at Chicxulub by the impact catastrophe that ended the Cretaceous",
abstract = "We report on the effect of the end-Cretaceous impact event on the present-day deep microbial biosphere at the impact site. IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub crater, M{\'e}xico, allowing us to investigate the microbial communities within this structure. Increased cell biomass was found in the impact suevite, which was deposited within the first few hours of the Cenozoic, demonstrating that the impact produced a new lithological horizon that caused a long-term improvement in deep subsurface colonization potential. In the biologically impoverished granitic rocks, we observed increased cell abundances at impact-induced geological interfaces, that can be attributed to the nutritionally diverse substrates and/or elevated fluid flow. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed taxonomically distinct microbial communities in each crater lithology. These observations show that the impact caused geological deformation that continues to shape the deep subsurface biosphere at Chicxulub in the present day.",
keywords = "chicxulub, craters, deep biosphere, drilling, impact crater",
author = "Charles Cockell and Bettina Schaefer and Cornelia Wuchter and Marco Coolen and Kliti Grice and Luzie Schnieders and Joanna Morgan and Sean Gulick and Axel Wittmann and Johanna Lofi and Gail Christeson and David Kring and Michael Whalen and Timothy Bralower and Gordon Osinski and Philippe Claeys and Pim Kaskes and {de Graaff}, Sietze and Thomas D{\'e}hais and Steven Goderis and {Hernandez Becerra}, Natali and Sophie Nixon and {IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 Scientists}",
note = "Funding Information: The research used samples and data provided by IODP. Expedition 364 was implemented by the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) and jointly funded by IODP and the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP), with contributions and logistical support from the Yucatan State Government and Universidad Nacional Aut?noma de M?xico (UNAM). Funding. CC was supported with a NERC grant NE/P006736/1. JM was supported by NERC grant NE/P005217/1. KG, MJLC, and BS were supported by ARC Discovery project (DP180100982) and Australian and New Zealand legacy IODP funding (ANZIC 364 postcruise funding to MJLC and KG). BS was also a recipient of an Australian Post-Graduate Scholarship award for this project. SPSG, AW, GC, DK, and MW were supported by NSF collaborative grants OCE-1737351, 1736826, 1737087, 1737037, 1736951, and 1737199. PC, PK, SJG, TD, and SG were supported by BELSPO project Chicxulub and FWO projects G0A6517N, 11E6619N, and 11E6621N. The Institute for Geoscience Research are acknowledged for project support. This is University of Texas Institute for Geophysics Contribution #3645 and Center for Planetary Systems Habitability #0030. This is LPI Contribution No. 2623. LPI is operated by USRA under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding Information: The research used samples and data provided by IODP. Expedition 364 was implemented by the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) and jointly funded by IODP and the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP), with contributions and logistical support from the Yucatan State Government and Universidad Nacional Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico (UNAM). Funding Information: CC was supported with a NERC grant NE/P006736/1. JM was supported by NERC grant NE/P005217/1. KG, MJLC, and BS were supported by ARC Discovery project (DP180100982) and Australian and New Zealand legacy IODP funding (ANZIC 364 postcruise funding to MJLC and KG). BS was also a recipient of an Australian Post-Graduate Scholarship award for this project. SPSG, AW, GC, DK, and MW were supported by NSF collaborative grants OCE-1737351, 1736826, 1737087, 1737037, 1736951, and 1737199. PC, PK, SJG, TD, and SG were supported by BELSPO project Chicxulub and FWO projects G0A6517N, 11E6619N, and 11E6621N. The Institute for Geoscience Research are acknowledged for project support. This is University of Texas Institute for Geophysics Contribution #3645 and Center for Planetary Systems Habitability #0030. This is LPI Contribution No. 2623. LPI is operated by USRA under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 Cockell, Schaefer, Wuchter, Coolen, Grice, Schnieders, Morgan, Gulick, Wittmann, Lofi, Christeson, Kring, Whalen, Bralower, Osinski, Claeys, Kaskes, de Graaff, D{\'e}hais, Goderis, Hernandez Becerra, Nixon and IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 Scientists.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "24",
doi = "10.3389/fmicb.2021.668240",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
journal = "Frontiers in Microbiology",
issn = "1664-302X",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}
