Slot-die simulations for 3D printing of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)

To use simple yet transformative capabilities of 3D printing is the way to enable the mass access of Solar energy, and to utilize materials which are also environmentally friendly, abundant, and of low cost. This is possible by adopting the emerging perovskite solar cells, which can be easily produces in an ultrathin film form factor. Extrusion-based 3D printers can use syringes which allow the deposition of thin layers of paste and liquid materials using the correct processing parameters. Furthermore, the use of the proposed Slot-nozzle accessory which can be 3D printed by using the same printer allow the deposition of a thin layer in one pass, reducing the time for printing, and cost of fabricating the cell. This also enables the fabricating of different sized and shape cells, minimizing any post processing, and maintaining the efficiency and possible the stability of the cell.