Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Xiaoming Chang; Randi Azmi; Tinghuan Yang; Nan Wu; Sang Young Jeong; Herui Xi; Drajad Satrio Utomo; Badri Vishal; Furkan H Isikgor; Hendrik Faber; Zhaoheng Ling; Mingjie He; Marco Marengo; Pia Dally; Adi Prasetio; Yu-Ying Yang; Chuanxiao Xiao; Han Young Woo; Kui Zhao; Martin Heeney; Stefaan De Wolf; Leonidas Tsetseris; Thomas D Anthopoulos

doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56409-5

Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Xiaoming Chang, Randi Azmi, Tinghuan Yang, Nan Wu, Sang Young Jeong, Herui Xi, Drajad Satrio Utomo, Badri Vishal, Furkan H Isikgor, Hendrik Faber, Zhaoheng Ling, Mingjie He, Marco Marengo, Pia Dally, Adi Prasetio, Yu-Ying Yang, Chuanxiao Xiao, Han Young Woo, Kui Zhao, Martin HeeneyStefaan De Wolf, Leonidas Tsetseris, Thomas D Anthopoulos

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The controlled growth of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite atop three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films reduces interfacial recombination and impedes ion migration, thus improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the random orientation of the spontaneously formed 2D phase atop the pre-deposited 3D perovskite film can deteriorate charge extraction owing to energetic disorder, limiting the maximum attainable efficiency and long-term stability of the PSCs. Here, we introduce a meta-amidinopyridine ligand and the solvent post-dripping step to generate a highly ordered 2D perovskite phase on the surface of a 3D perovskite film. The reconstructed 2D/3D perovskite interface exhibits reduced energetic disorder and yields cells with improved performance compared with control 2D/3D samples. PSCs fabricated with the meta-amidinopyridine-induced phase-pure 2D perovskite passivation show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 26.05% (a certified value of 25.44%). Under damp heat and outdoor tests, the encapsulated PSCs maintain 82% and 75% of their initial PCE after 1000 h and 840 h, respectively, demonstrating improved practical durability.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1042
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	16
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56409-5
Publication status	Published - 26 Jan 2025

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Chang, X., Azmi, R., Yang, T., Wu, N., Jeong, S. Y., Xi, H., Satrio Utomo, D., Vishal, B., Isikgor, F. H., Faber, H., Ling, Z., He, M., Marengo, M., Dally, P., Prasetio, A., Yang, Y.-Y., Xiao, C., Woo, H. Y., Zhao, K., ... Anthopoulos, T. D. (2025). Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Nature Communications, 16(1), 1042. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56409-5

@article{67a5a636476b4ccb98db905132b62645,

title = "Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells",

abstract = "The controlled growth of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite atop three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films reduces interfacial recombination and impedes ion migration, thus improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the random orientation of the spontaneously formed 2D phase atop the pre-deposited 3D perovskite film can deteriorate charge extraction owing to energetic disorder, limiting the maximum attainable efficiency and long-term stability of the PSCs. Here, we introduce a meta-amidinopyridine ligand and the solvent post-dripping step to generate a highly ordered 2D perovskite phase on the surface of a 3D perovskite film. The reconstructed 2D/3D perovskite interface exhibits reduced energetic disorder and yields cells with improved performance compared with control 2D/3D samples. PSCs fabricated with the meta-amidinopyridine-induced phase-pure 2D perovskite passivation show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 26.05\% (a certified value of 25.44\%). Under damp heat and outdoor tests, the encapsulated PSCs maintain 82\% and 75\% of their initial PCE after 1000 h and 840 h, respectively, demonstrating improved practical durability.",

author = "Xiaoming Chang and Randi Azmi and Tinghuan Yang and Nan Wu and Jeong, \{Sang Young\} and Herui Xi and \{Satrio Utomo\}, Drajad and Badri Vishal and Isikgor, \{Furkan H\} and Hendrik Faber and Zhaoheng Ling and Mingjie He and Marco Marengo and Pia Dally and Adi Prasetio and Yu-Ying Yang and Chuanxiao Xiao and Woo, \{Han Young\} and Kui Zhao and Martin Heeney and \{De Wolf\}, Stefaan and Leonidas Tsetseris and Anthopoulos, \{Thomas D\}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = jan,

day = "26",

doi = "10.1038/s41467-025-56409-5",

language = "English",

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Chang, X, Azmi, R, Yang, T, Wu, N, Jeong, SY, Xi, H, Satrio Utomo, D, Vishal, B, Isikgor, FH, Faber, H, Ling, Z, He, M, Marengo, M, Dally, P, Prasetio, A, Yang, Y-Y, Xiao, C, Woo, HY, Zhao, K, Heeney, M, De Wolf, S, Tsetseris, L & Anthopoulos, TD 2025, 'Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells', Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1042. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56409-5

TY - JOUR

T1 - Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells

AU - Chang, Xiaoming

AU - Azmi, Randi

AU - Yang, Tinghuan

AU - Wu, Nan

AU - Jeong, Sang Young

AU - Xi, Herui

AU - Satrio Utomo, Drajad

AU - Vishal, Badri

AU - Isikgor, Furkan H

AU - Faber, Hendrik

AU - Ling, Zhaoheng

AU - He, Mingjie

AU - Marengo, Marco

AU - Dally, Pia

AU - Prasetio, Adi

AU - Yang, Yu-Ying

AU - Xiao, Chuanxiao

AU - Woo, Han Young

AU - Zhao, Kui

AU - Heeney, Martin

AU - De Wolf, Stefaan

AU - Tsetseris, Leonidas

AU - Anthopoulos, Thomas D

PY - 2025/1/26

Y1 - 2025/1/26

N2 - The controlled growth of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite atop three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films reduces interfacial recombination and impedes ion migration, thus improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the random orientation of the spontaneously formed 2D phase atop the pre-deposited 3D perovskite film can deteriorate charge extraction owing to energetic disorder, limiting the maximum attainable efficiency and long-term stability of the PSCs. Here, we introduce a meta-amidinopyridine ligand and the solvent post-dripping step to generate a highly ordered 2D perovskite phase on the surface of a 3D perovskite film. The reconstructed 2D/3D perovskite interface exhibits reduced energetic disorder and yields cells with improved performance compared with control 2D/3D samples. PSCs fabricated with the meta-amidinopyridine-induced phase-pure 2D perovskite passivation show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 26.05% (a certified value of 25.44%). Under damp heat and outdoor tests, the encapsulated PSCs maintain 82% and 75% of their initial PCE after 1000 h and 840 h, respectively, demonstrating improved practical durability.

AB - The controlled growth of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite atop three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films reduces interfacial recombination and impedes ion migration, thus improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the random orientation of the spontaneously formed 2D phase atop the pre-deposited 3D perovskite film can deteriorate charge extraction owing to energetic disorder, limiting the maximum attainable efficiency and long-term stability of the PSCs. Here, we introduce a meta-amidinopyridine ligand and the solvent post-dripping step to generate a highly ordered 2D perovskite phase on the surface of a 3D perovskite film. The reconstructed 2D/3D perovskite interface exhibits reduced energetic disorder and yields cells with improved performance compared with control 2D/3D samples. PSCs fabricated with the meta-amidinopyridine-induced phase-pure 2D perovskite passivation show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 26.05% (a certified value of 25.44%). Under damp heat and outdoor tests, the encapsulated PSCs maintain 82% and 75% of their initial PCE after 1000 h and 840 h, respectively, demonstrating improved practical durability.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85216998132

U2 - 10.1038/s41467-025-56409-5

DO - 10.1038/s41467-025-56409-5

M3 - Article

C2 - 39863604

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 16

SP - 1042

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

IS - 1

ER -

Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells

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