Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. III. Star formation and 1000 new candidate young stellar objects

B. A. Whitney; M. Sewilo; R. Indebetouw; T. P. Robitaille; M. Meixner; K. Gordon; M. R. Meade; B. L. Babler; J. Harris; J. L. Hora; S. Bracker; M. S. Povich; E. B. Churchwell; C. W. Engelbracht; B. Q. For; M. Block; K. Misselt; U. Vijh; C. Leitherer; A. Kawamura; R. D. Blum; M. Cohen; Y. Fukui; A. Mizuno; N. Mizuno; S. Srinivasan; A. G G M Tielens; K. Volk; J. P. Bernard; F. Boulanger; J. A. Frogel; J. Gallagher; V. Gorjian; D. Kelly; W. B. Latter; S. Madden; F. Kemper; J. R. Mould; A. Nota; M. S. Oey; K. A. Olsen; T. Onishi; R. Paladini; N. Panagia; P. Perez-Gonzalez; W. Reach; H. Shibai; S. Sato; L. J. Smith; L. Staveley-Smith; T. Ueta; S. V. Van Dyk; M. Werner; M. Wolff; D. Zaritsky

doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18

Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. III. Star formation and 1000 new candidate young stellar objects

B. A. Whitney, M. Sewilo, R. Indebetouw, T. P. Robitaille, M. Meixner, K. Gordon, M. R. Meade, B. L. Babler, J. Harris, J. L. Hora, S. Bracker, M. S. Povich, E. B. Churchwell, C. W. Engelbracht, B. Q. For, M. Block, K. Misselt, U. Vijh, C. Leitherer, A. KawamuraR. D. Blum, M. Cohen, Y. Fukui, A. Mizuno, N. Mizuno, S. Srinivasan, A. G G M Tielens, K. Volk, J. P. Bernard, F. Boulanger, J. A. Frogel, J. Gallagher, V. Gorjian, D. Kelly, W. B. Latter, S. Madden, F. Kemper, J. R. Mould, A. Nota, M. S. Oey, K. A. Olsen, T. Onishi, R. Paladini, N. Panagia, P. Perez-Gonzalez, W. Reach, H. Shibai, S. Sato, L. J. Smith, L. Staveley-Smith, T. Ueta, S. V. Van Dyk, M. Werner, M. Wolff, D. Zaritsky

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Abstract

We present 1000 new candidate Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud selected from Spitzer Space Telescope data, as part of the Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) Legacy program. The YSOs, detected by their excess infrared (IR) emission, represent early stages of evolution, still surrounded by disks and/or infalling envelopes. Previously, fewer than 20 such YSOs were known. The candidate YSOs were selected from the SAGE Point Source Catalog from regions of color-magnitude space least confused with other IR-bright populations. The YSOs are biased toward intermediate- to high-mass and young evolutionary stages, because these overlap less with galaxies and evolved stars in color-magnitude space. The YSOs are highly correlated spatially with atomic and molecular gas, and are preferentially located in the shells and bubbles created by massive stars inside. They are more clustered than generic point sources, as expected if star formation occurs in filamentary clouds or shells. We applied a more stringent color-magnitude selection to produce a subset of "high-probability" YSO candidates. We fitted the spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) of this subset and derived physical properties for those that were well fitted. The total mass of these well-fitted YSOs is 2900 M and the total luminosity is 2.1 × 10 6 L . By extrapolating the mass function with a standard initial mass function and integrating, we calculate a current star-formation rate of 0.06 M yr-1, which is at the low end of estimates based on total ultraviolet and IR flux from the galaxy (0.05 - 0.25 M yr-1), consistent with the expectation that our current YSO list is incomplete. Follow-up spectroscopy and further data mining will better separate the different IR-bright populations and likely increase the estimated number of YSOs. The full YSO list is available as electronic tables, and the SEDs are available as an electronic figure for further use by the scientific community. © 2008. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	18-43
Number of pages	25
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	136
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2008

Keywords

Circumstellar matter
Galaxies: dwarf
Infrared: stars
Magellanic Clouds
Stars: formation
Stars: pre-main sequence

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10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18

Cite this

Whitney, B. A., Sewilo, M., Indebetouw, R., Robitaille, T. P., Meixner, M., Gordon, K., Meade, M. R., Babler, B. L., Harris, J., Hora, J. L., Bracker, S., Povich, M. S., Churchwell, E. B., Engelbracht, C. W., For, B. Q., Block, M., Misselt, K., Vijh, U., Leitherer, C., ... Zaritsky, D. (2008). Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. III. Star formation and 1000 new candidate young stellar objects. Astronomical Journal, 136(1), 18-43. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18

@article{fe36ef5dd2974d47bff7229a48e4d50c,

title = "Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. III. Star formation and 1000 new candidate young stellar objects",

abstract = "We present 1000 new candidate Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud selected from Spitzer Space Telescope data, as part of the Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) Legacy program. The YSOs, detected by their excess infrared (IR) emission, represent early stages of evolution, still surrounded by disks and/or infalling envelopes. Previously, fewer than 20 such YSOs were known. The candidate YSOs were selected from the SAGE Point Source Catalog from regions of color-magnitude space least confused with other IR-bright populations. The YSOs are biased toward intermediate- to high-mass and young evolutionary stages, because these overlap less with galaxies and evolved stars in color-magnitude space. The YSOs are highly correlated spatially with atomic and molecular gas, and are preferentially located in the shells and bubbles created by massive stars inside. They are more clustered than generic point sources, as expected if star formation occurs in filamentary clouds or shells. We applied a more stringent color-magnitude selection to produce a subset of {"}high-probability{"} YSO candidates. We fitted the spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) of this subset and derived physical properties for those that were well fitted. The total mass of these well-fitted YSOs is 2900 M and the total luminosity is 2.1 × 10 6 L . By extrapolating the mass function with a standard initial mass function and integrating, we calculate a current star-formation rate of 0.06 M yr-1, which is at the low end of estimates based on total ultraviolet and IR flux from the galaxy (0.05 - 0.25 M yr-1), consistent with the expectation that our current YSO list is incomplete. Follow-up spectroscopy and further data mining will better separate the different IR-bright populations and likely increase the estimated number of YSOs. The full YSO list is available as electronic tables, and the SEDs are available as an electronic figure for further use by the scientific community. {\textcopyright} 2008. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..",

keywords = "Circumstellar matter, Galaxies: dwarf, Infrared: stars, Magellanic Clouds, Stars: formation, Stars: pre-main sequence",

author = "Whitney, {B. A.} and M. Sewilo and R. Indebetouw and Robitaille, {T. P.} and M. Meixner and K. Gordon and Meade, {M. R.} and Babler, {B. L.} and J. Harris and Hora, {J. L.} and S. Bracker and Povich, {M. S.} and Churchwell, {E. B.} and Engelbracht, {C. W.} and For, {B. Q.} and M. Block and K. Misselt and U. Vijh and C. Leitherer and A. Kawamura and Blum, {R. D.} and M. Cohen and Y. Fukui and A. Mizuno and N. Mizuno and S. Srinivasan and Tielens, {A. G G M} and K. Volk and Bernard, {J. P.} and F. Boulanger and Frogel, {J. A.} and J. Gallagher and V. Gorjian and D. Kelly and Latter, {W. B.} and S. Madden and F. Kemper and Mould, {J. R.} and A. Nota and Oey, {M. S.} and Olsen, {K. A.} and T. Onishi and R. Paladini and N. Panagia and P. Perez-Gonzalez and W. Reach and H. Shibai and S. Sato and Smith, {L. J.} and L. Staveley-Smith and T. Ueta and {Van Dyk}, {S. V.} and M. Werner and M. Wolff and D. Zaritsky",

year = "2008",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18",

language = "English",

volume = "136",

pages = "18--43",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Whitney, BA, Sewilo, M, Indebetouw, R, Robitaille, TP, Meixner, M, Gordon, K, Meade, MR, Babler, BL, Harris, J, Hora, JL, Bracker, S, Povich, MS, Churchwell, EB, Engelbracht, CW, For, BQ, Block, M, Misselt, K, Vijh, U, Leitherer, C, Kawamura, A, Blum, RD, Cohen, M, Fukui, Y, Mizuno, A, Mizuno, N, Srinivasan, S, Tielens, AGGM, Volk, K, Bernard, JP, Boulanger, F, Frogel, JA, Gallagher, J, Gorjian, V, Kelly, D, Latter, WB, Madden, S, Kemper, F, Mould, JR, Nota, A, Oey, MS, Olsen, KA, Onishi, T, Paladini, R, Panagia, N, Perez-Gonzalez, P, Reach, W, Shibai, H, Sato, S, Smith, LJ, Staveley-Smith, L, Ueta, T, Van Dyk, SV, Werner, M, Wolff, M & Zaritsky, D 2008, 'Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. III. Star formation and 1000 new candidate young stellar objects', Astronomical Journal, vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 18-43. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. III. Star formation and 1000 new candidate young stellar objects

AU - Whitney, B. A.

AU - Sewilo, M.

AU - Indebetouw, R.

AU - Robitaille, T. P.

AU - Meixner, M.

AU - Gordon, K.

AU - Meade, M. R.

AU - Babler, B. L.

AU - Harris, J.

AU - Hora, J. L.

AU - Bracker, S.

AU - Povich, M. S.

AU - Churchwell, E. B.

AU - Engelbracht, C. W.

AU - For, B. Q.

AU - Block, M.

AU - Misselt, K.

AU - Vijh, U.

AU - Leitherer, C.

AU - Kawamura, A.

AU - Blum, R. D.

AU - Cohen, M.

AU - Fukui, Y.

AU - Mizuno, A.

AU - Mizuno, N.

AU - Srinivasan, S.

AU - Tielens, A. G G M

AU - Volk, K.

AU - Bernard, J. P.

AU - Boulanger, F.

AU - Frogel, J. A.

AU - Gallagher, J.

AU - Gorjian, V.

AU - Kelly, D.

AU - Latter, W. B.

AU - Madden, S.

AU - Kemper, F.

AU - Mould, J. R.

AU - Nota, A.

AU - Oey, M. S.

AU - Olsen, K. A.

AU - Onishi, T.

AU - Paladini, R.

AU - Panagia, N.

AU - Perez-Gonzalez, P.

AU - Reach, W.

AU - Shibai, H.

AU - Sato, S.

AU - Smith, L. J.

AU - Staveley-Smith, L.

AU - Ueta, T.

AU - Van Dyk, S. V.

AU - Werner, M.

AU - Wolff, M.

AU - Zaritsky, D.

PY - 2008/7/1

Y1 - 2008/7/1

N2 - We present 1000 new candidate Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud selected from Spitzer Space Telescope data, as part of the Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) Legacy program. The YSOs, detected by their excess infrared (IR) emission, represent early stages of evolution, still surrounded by disks and/or infalling envelopes. Previously, fewer than 20 such YSOs were known. The candidate YSOs were selected from the SAGE Point Source Catalog from regions of color-magnitude space least confused with other IR-bright populations. The YSOs are biased toward intermediate- to high-mass and young evolutionary stages, because these overlap less with galaxies and evolved stars in color-magnitude space. The YSOs are highly correlated spatially with atomic and molecular gas, and are preferentially located in the shells and bubbles created by massive stars inside. They are more clustered than generic point sources, as expected if star formation occurs in filamentary clouds or shells. We applied a more stringent color-magnitude selection to produce a subset of "high-probability" YSO candidates. We fitted the spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) of this subset and derived physical properties for those that were well fitted. The total mass of these well-fitted YSOs is 2900 M and the total luminosity is 2.1 × 10 6 L . By extrapolating the mass function with a standard initial mass function and integrating, we calculate a current star-formation rate of 0.06 M yr-1, which is at the low end of estimates based on total ultraviolet and IR flux from the galaxy (0.05 - 0.25 M yr-1), consistent with the expectation that our current YSO list is incomplete. Follow-up spectroscopy and further data mining will better separate the different IR-bright populations and likely increase the estimated number of YSOs. The full YSO list is available as electronic tables, and the SEDs are available as an electronic figure for further use by the scientific community. © 2008. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..

AB - We present 1000 new candidate Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud selected from Spitzer Space Telescope data, as part of the Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) Legacy program. The YSOs, detected by their excess infrared (IR) emission, represent early stages of evolution, still surrounded by disks and/or infalling envelopes. Previously, fewer than 20 such YSOs were known. The candidate YSOs were selected from the SAGE Point Source Catalog from regions of color-magnitude space least confused with other IR-bright populations. The YSOs are biased toward intermediate- to high-mass and young evolutionary stages, because these overlap less with galaxies and evolved stars in color-magnitude space. The YSOs are highly correlated spatially with atomic and molecular gas, and are preferentially located in the shells and bubbles created by massive stars inside. They are more clustered than generic point sources, as expected if star formation occurs in filamentary clouds or shells. We applied a more stringent color-magnitude selection to produce a subset of "high-probability" YSO candidates. We fitted the spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) of this subset and derived physical properties for those that were well fitted. The total mass of these well-fitted YSOs is 2900 M and the total luminosity is 2.1 × 10 6 L . By extrapolating the mass function with a standard initial mass function and integrating, we calculate a current star-formation rate of 0.06 M yr-1, which is at the low end of estimates based on total ultraviolet and IR flux from the galaxy (0.05 - 0.25 M yr-1), consistent with the expectation that our current YSO list is incomplete. Follow-up spectroscopy and further data mining will better separate the different IR-bright populations and likely increase the estimated number of YSOs. The full YSO list is available as electronic tables, and the SEDs are available as an electronic figure for further use by the scientific community. © 2008. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..

KW - Circumstellar matter

KW - Galaxies: dwarf

KW - Infrared: stars

KW - Magellanic Clouds

KW - Stars: formation

KW - Stars: pre-main sequence

U2 - 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18

DO - 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/18

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 136

SP - 18

EP - 43

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 1

ER -

Spitzer sage survey of the large magellanic cloud. III. Star formation and 1000 new candidate young stellar objects

Abstract

Keywords

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