T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers

Daniel F Alamidi; Simon S I Kindvall; Penny Cristinacce; Deirdre M McGrath; Simon S. Young; Josephine H Naish; John C Waterton; Per Wollmer; Sandra N. Gonzalez-Diaz; Marita Olsson; Paul D Hockings; Kerstin M Lagerstrand; Geoffrey J M Parker; Lars E. Olsson

doi:dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760

T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers

Daniel F Alamidi, Simon S I Kindvall, Penny Cristinacce, Deirdre M McGrath, Simon S. Young, Josephine H Naish, John C Waterton, Per Wollmer, Sandra N. Gonzalez-Diaz, Marita Olsson, Paul D Hockings, Kerstin M Lagerstrand, Geoffrey J M Parker, Lars E. Olsson

Division of Neuroscience

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

PURPOSE: Interest in using T1 as a potential MRI biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has recently increased. Since tobacco smoking is the major risk factor for development of COPD, the aim for this study was to examine whether tobacco smoking, pack-years (PY), influenced T1 of the lung parenchyma in asymptomatic current smokers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung T1 measurements from 35 subjects, 23 never smokers and 12 current smokers were retrospectively analyzed from an institutional review board approved study. All 35 subjects underwent pulmonary function test (PFT) measurements and lung T1, with similar T1 measurement protocols. A backward linear model of T1 as a function of FEV1, FVC, weight, height, age and PY was tested.

RESULTS: A significant correlation between lung T1 and PY was found with a negative slope of -3.2 ms/year (95% confidence interval [CI] [-5.8, -0.6], p = 0.02), when adjusted for age and height. Lung T1 shortens with ageing among all subjects, -4.0 ms/year (95%CI [-6.3, -1.7], p = 0.001), and among the never smokers, -3.7 ms/year (95%CI [-6.0, -1.3], p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between lung T1 and PY when adjusted for both age and height was found, and T1 of the lung shortens with ageing. Accordingly, PY and age can be significant confounding factors when T1 is used as a biomarker in lung MRI studies that must be taken into account to detect underlying patterns of disease.

Original language	English
Article number	e0149760
Pages (from-to)	e0149760
Journal	PLoS ONE
Volume	11
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760
Publication status	Published - 9 Mar 2016

Keywords

Adult
Aging
Demography
Female
Humans
Lung
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Respiratory Function Tests
Smoking
Time Factors
Young Adult
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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Alamidi, D. F., Kindvall, S. S. I., Cristinacce, P., McGrath, D. M., Young, S. S., Naish, J. H., Waterton, J. C., Wollmer, P., Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Olsson, M., Hockings, P. D., Lagerstrand, K. M., Parker, G. J. M., & Olsson, L. E. (2016). T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149760. Article e0149760. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760

@article{1aef668219c14beaa331b0b68d337d3f,

title = "T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers",

abstract = "PURPOSE: Interest in using T1 as a potential MRI biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has recently increased. Since tobacco smoking is the major risk factor for development of COPD, the aim for this study was to examine whether tobacco smoking, pack-years (PY), influenced T1 of the lung parenchyma in asymptomatic current smokers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung T1 measurements from 35 subjects, 23 never smokers and 12 current smokers were retrospectively analyzed from an institutional review board approved study. All 35 subjects underwent pulmonary function test (PFT) measurements and lung T1, with similar T1 measurement protocols. A backward linear model of T1 as a function of FEV1, FVC, weight, height, age and PY was tested.RESULTS: A significant correlation between lung T1 and PY was found with a negative slope of -3.2 ms/year (95% confidence interval [CI] [-5.8, -0.6], p = 0.02), when adjusted for age and height. Lung T1 shortens with ageing among all subjects, -4.0 ms/year (95%CI [-6.3, -1.7], p = 0.001), and among the never smokers, -3.7 ms/year (95%CI [-6.0, -1.3], p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between lung T1 and PY when adjusted for both age and height was found, and T1 of the lung shortens with ageing. Accordingly, PY and age can be significant confounding factors when T1 is used as a biomarker in lung MRI studies that must be taken into account to detect underlying patterns of disease.",

keywords = "Adult, Aging, Demography, Female, Humans, Lung, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, Smoking, Time Factors, Young Adult, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",

author = "Alamidi, {Daniel F} and Kindvall, {Simon S I} and Penny Cristinacce and McGrath, {Deirdre M} and Young, {Simon S.} and Naish, {Josephine H} and Waterton, {John C} and Per Wollmer and Gonzalez-Diaz, {Sandra N.} and Marita Olsson and Hockings, {Paul D} and Lagerstrand, {Kerstin M} and Parker, {Geoffrey J M} and Olsson, {Lars E.}",

year = "2016",

month = mar,

day = "9",

doi = "dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

pages = "e0149760",

journal = "PLoS ONE",

issn = "1932-6203",

publisher = "Public Library of Science",

number = "3",

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Alamidi, DF, Kindvall, SSI, Cristinacce, P, McGrath, DM, Young, SS, Naish, JH, Waterton, JC, Wollmer, P, Gonzalez-Diaz, SN, Olsson, M, Hockings, PD, Lagerstrand, KM, Parker, GJM & Olsson, LE 2016, 'T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers', PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 3, e0149760, pp. e0149760. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760

TY - JOUR

T1 - T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers

AU - Alamidi, Daniel F

AU - Kindvall, Simon S I

AU - Cristinacce, Penny

AU - McGrath, Deirdre M

AU - Young, Simon S.

AU - Naish, Josephine H

AU - Waterton, John C

AU - Wollmer, Per

AU - Gonzalez-Diaz, Sandra N.

AU - Olsson, Marita

AU - Hockings, Paul D

AU - Lagerstrand, Kerstin M

AU - Parker, Geoffrey J M

AU - Olsson, Lars E.

PY - 2016/3/9

Y1 - 2016/3/9

N2 - PURPOSE: Interest in using T1 as a potential MRI biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has recently increased. Since tobacco smoking is the major risk factor for development of COPD, the aim for this study was to examine whether tobacco smoking, pack-years (PY), influenced T1 of the lung parenchyma in asymptomatic current smokers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung T1 measurements from 35 subjects, 23 never smokers and 12 current smokers were retrospectively analyzed from an institutional review board approved study. All 35 subjects underwent pulmonary function test (PFT) measurements and lung T1, with similar T1 measurement protocols. A backward linear model of T1 as a function of FEV1, FVC, weight, height, age and PY was tested.RESULTS: A significant correlation between lung T1 and PY was found with a negative slope of -3.2 ms/year (95% confidence interval [CI] [-5.8, -0.6], p = 0.02), when adjusted for age and height. Lung T1 shortens with ageing among all subjects, -4.0 ms/year (95%CI [-6.3, -1.7], p = 0.001), and among the never smokers, -3.7 ms/year (95%CI [-6.0, -1.3], p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between lung T1 and PY when adjusted for both age and height was found, and T1 of the lung shortens with ageing. Accordingly, PY and age can be significant confounding factors when T1 is used as a biomarker in lung MRI studies that must be taken into account to detect underlying patterns of disease.

AB - PURPOSE: Interest in using T1 as a potential MRI biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has recently increased. Since tobacco smoking is the major risk factor for development of COPD, the aim for this study was to examine whether tobacco smoking, pack-years (PY), influenced T1 of the lung parenchyma in asymptomatic current smokers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung T1 measurements from 35 subjects, 23 never smokers and 12 current smokers were retrospectively analyzed from an institutional review board approved study. All 35 subjects underwent pulmonary function test (PFT) measurements and lung T1, with similar T1 measurement protocols. A backward linear model of T1 as a function of FEV1, FVC, weight, height, age and PY was tested.RESULTS: A significant correlation between lung T1 and PY was found with a negative slope of -3.2 ms/year (95% confidence interval [CI] [-5.8, -0.6], p = 0.02), when adjusted for age and height. Lung T1 shortens with ageing among all subjects, -4.0 ms/year (95%CI [-6.3, -1.7], p = 0.001), and among the never smokers, -3.7 ms/year (95%CI [-6.0, -1.3], p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between lung T1 and PY when adjusted for both age and height was found, and T1 of the lung shortens with ageing. Accordingly, PY and age can be significant confounding factors when T1 is used as a biomarker in lung MRI studies that must be taken into account to detect underlying patterns of disease.

KW - Adult

KW - Aging

KW - Demography

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Lung

KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Respiratory Function Tests

KW - Smoking

KW - Time Factors

KW - Young Adult

KW - Journal Article

KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

U2 - dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760

DO - dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149760

M3 - Article

C2 - 26958856

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 11

SP - e0149760

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

IS - 3

M1 - e0149760

ER -

T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers

Abstract

Keywords

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