Taming Super-Reduced Bi ₂ ^3- Radicals with Rare Earth Cations

Here, we report the synthesis of two new sets of dibismuth-bridged rare earth molecules. The first series contains a bridging diamagnetic Bi ₂ ^2- anion, (Cp* ₂RE) ₂(μ-η ²:η ²-Bi ₂), 1-RE (where Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; RE = Gd (1-Gd), Tb (1-Tb), Dy (1-Dy), Y (1-Y)), while the second series comprises the first Bi ₂ ^3- radical-containing complexes for any d- or f-block metal ions, [K(crypt-222)][(Cp* ₂RE) ₂(μ-η ²:η ²-Bi ₂ ^•)]·2THF (2-RE, RE = Gd (2-Gd), Tb (2-Tb), Dy (2-Dy), Y (2-Y); crypt-222 = 2.2.2-cryptand), which were obtained from one-electron reduction of 1-RE with KC ₈. The Bi ₂ ^3- radical-bridged terbium and dysprosium congeners, 2-Tb and 2-Dy, are single-molecule magnets with magnetic hysteresis. We investigate the nature of the unprecedented lanthanide-bismuth and bismuth-bismuth bonding and their roles in magnetic communication between paramagnetic metal centers, through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible/near-infrared (UV-vis/NIR) spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, DFT and multiconfigurational ab initio calculations. We find a π _z ^* ground SOMO for Bi ₂ ^3-, which has isotropic spin-spin exchange coupling with neighboring metal ions of ca. −20 cm ^-1; however, the exchange coupling is strongly augmented by orbitally dependent terms in the anisotropic cases of 2-Tb and 2-Dy. As the first examples of p-block radicals beneath the second row bridging any metal ions, these studies have important ramifications for single-molecule magnetism, main group element, rare earth metal, and coordination chemistry at large.