Technology Governance: Harnessing Machine Learning for Treaty Compliance and Regulatory Oversight in AI Decision-Making

The evolution of "government policy" to "governance" emphasizes a broader approach to shaping social development through interactions among various actors. Effective regulatory policy and improved treaty compliance monitoring require robust procedures, goals, and innovative technological solutions like artificial intelligence (AI). Regulatory oversight functions cover policy evaluation, guidance, training, effective regulation, systematic improvement, and coordination (Bressers & Kuks, 2003). Machine learning (ML) algorithms, with their autonomous learning, significantly impact regulatory processes, introducing concepts like algorithmic regulation and governance. AI and ML offer transformative solutions for meeting regulatory objectives, enhancing compliance monitoring, and addressing challenges like fraud prevention (Bignell, 2023). This article explores AI's role in regulatory and governance challenges, addressing two key questions: 1) How can AI enhance treaty compliance monitoring? 2) What role does AI play in regulatory oversight?
The integration of AI into regulatory processes signifies a paradigm shift, transitioning from traditional, policy-centric approaches to a dynamic and inclusive governance framework. This shift not only addresses longstanding challenges but also introduces novel perspectives that redefine the landscape of governance.