The conversion of low-rank Kilyos coal to nitrogeneous fertilizers

O. Hakli, A.G. Dumanli, A. Nalbant, F. Okyay, Y. Yürüm

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The aim of this work is to convert the low-rank Kilyos coal to a material that could be used as a nitrogenous fertilizer. Incorporation of nitrogen into this Kilyos coal was accomplished by oxidative ammoniation, which was a two-step process involving oxidation with nitric acid followed by a treatment by ammonia. The nitrogen content of the raw coal increased from 0.8% to 8.3–9.3% after ammoniation process. Trace element concentrations in the nitro-coal, humic acid, and oxy-ammoniated coal samples were within the acceptable ranges to be used as nitrogenous fertilizer. Therefore the oxy-ammoniated products could be considered as high-value fertilizers.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)164-170
Number of pages7
JournalEnergy Sources. Part A. Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects
Volume33
Issue number2
Publication statusPublished - 2011

Keywords

  • Humic acid
  • Nitro-coal
  • Nitrogeneous fertilizer
  • oxy-ammoniated coal
  • trace elements

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