The effect of simulated visual impairment on speech-reading ability

Purpose: Speech-reading is the ability to recognise certain sounds visually, using both the movements of the speaker's mouth, plus other sources of visual information, such as gestures and body language, facial expressions and situational clues. This study aimed to determine the effect of mild degrees of visual impairment on speech-reading ability. Method: A group of 15 normally-sighted subjects was assessed with different levels of simulated visual loss using occlusion foils, in the presence of constant background noise to simulate hearing loss. The visual impairments created ranged from 20 to 13dB log contrast sensitivity (contrast thresholds 1-5%) (measured using the backlit Melbourne Edge Test) with acuity dropping from 6/6 to 6/24 (logMAR 0.0-0.6). The speech-reading ability with simulated impairment and noise was quantified as the number of words recognised correctly when watching a video of an actor speaking meaningful sentences. Results: The introduction of the mildest simulated visual impairment (VA 6/6 logMAR 0.0; contrast sensitivity 20dB, contrast threshold 1%) was sufficient to cause a statistically significant reduction in speech-reading ability (t-test, p