The Influence of Location of Distributed Energy Storage Systems on Primary Frequency Response of Low Inertia Power Systems

The paper investigates the impact of primary frequency response (PFR) support, provided by distributed energy storage systems (ESS), depending on their location in low inertia power systems. The analysis is performed for three operating conditions of the network. For each operating condition, the decrease in the network load is balanced by disconnecting a part of synchronous generation (SG) that reduces the system inertia and increases the proportion of RES. The uncertainties in power generation of renewable energy sources (RES) and loading forecast are also incorporated into simulations.The results clearly show that the effect of location of ESS on PFR is negligible if the inertia of the system is not substantially reduced. However, when the proportion of RES becomes greater than SG, the ESS installed in the lowest inertia provide significantly better PFR support to the system. The studies are performed in a modified 16 machine and 68 bus network.