The pH of the exhaled breath condensate:: New method for investigation of inflammatory airway diseases

B. Szili; A. Bikov; M. Kollai; I. Horváth

doi:10.1556/OH.2007.27986

The pH of the exhaled breath condensate: New method for investigation of inflammatory airway diseases

B. Szili, A. Bikov, M. Kollai, I. Horváth

Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Collecting exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has become a frequently used method in respiratory researches to date. Through this method we can sample airway surface liquid non-invasively by streaming the exhaled breath through a cooled chamber and after we examine the fluid deposited on the wall of the condenser. The sample contains several mediators, biomarkers. The pH of the condensate is one of the most important markers measured in the EBC. Measuring the pH is easy, cheap and it is in the optimal range, there is no problem with the detection limit. The uncertainty of the pH assays is derived from the instability of the EBC pH which results from the altering carbon-dioxide concentration. Many articles have been published on EBC pH in different airway diseases. Acidification of the condensates has been described in bronchial asthma (especially in acute exacerbations), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Due to the steroid treatment the pH has increased in both cases. In patients with bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and in chronic cough (bronchial asthma, gastro-esophageal reflux, postnasal drip, and unknown origin) the pH of EBC was also lower. Acidification of the airways in different diseases can play a role in the pathomechanism, and its indicator, the EBC pH might help managing patients with airway diseases.

Original language	Hungarian
Pages (from-to)	1217-1224
Number of pages	8
Journal	Orvosi hetilap
Volume	148
Issue number	26
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1556/OH.2007.27986
Publication status	Published - 2007

Keywords

Exhaled breath condensate
Inflammatory airway diseases
pH
biochemical marker
budesonide
carbon dioxide
corticosteroid
fluticasone
biological marker
acidification
asthma
breath analysis
bronchiectasis
chronic disease
chronic obstructive lung disease
concentration (parameters)
coughing
cystic fibrosis
diagnostic value
disease exacerbation
expired air
gastroesophageal reflux
human
non invasive procedure
pathophysiology
pH measurement
respiratory tract inflammation
review
steroid therapy
blood gas analysis
exhalation
inflammation
instrumentation
metabolism
Asthma
Biological Markers
Blood Gas Analysis
Breath Tests
Bronchiectasis
Carbon Dioxide
Chronic Disease
Cough
Cystic Fibrosis
Exhalation
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Inflammation
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1556/OH.2007.27986

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548219033&doi=10.1556%2fOH.2007.27986&partnerID=40&md5=0504b22af631c84abf59088e0ca910d5

Cite this

@article{8ea1b98386944e12ba29dc0753f09a0b,

title = "The pH of the exhaled breath condensate:: New method for investigation of inflammatory airway diseases",

abstract = "Collecting exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has become a frequently used method in respiratory researches to date. Through this method we can sample airway surface liquid non-invasively by streaming the exhaled breath through a cooled chamber and after we examine the fluid deposited on the wall of the condenser. The sample contains several mediators, biomarkers. The pH of the condensate is one of the most important markers measured in the EBC. Measuring the pH is easy, cheap and it is in the optimal range, there is no problem with the detection limit. The uncertainty of the pH assays is derived from the instability of the EBC pH which results from the altering carbon-dioxide concentration. Many articles have been published on EBC pH in different airway diseases. Acidification of the condensates has been described in bronchial asthma (especially in acute exacerbations), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Due to the steroid treatment the pH has increased in both cases. In patients with bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and in chronic cough (bronchial asthma, gastro-esophageal reflux, postnasal drip, and unknown origin) the pH of EBC was also lower. Acidification of the airways in different diseases can play a role in the pathomechanism, and its indicator, the EBC pH might help managing patients with airway diseases.",

keywords = "Exhaled breath condensate, Inflammatory airway diseases, pH, biochemical marker, budesonide, carbon dioxide, corticosteroid, fluticasone, biological marker, acidification, asthma, breath analysis, bronchiectasis, chronic disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, concentration (parameters), coughing, cystic fibrosis, diagnostic value, disease exacerbation, expired air, gastroesophageal reflux, human, non invasive procedure, pathophysiology, pH measurement, respiratory tract inflammation, review, steroid therapy, blood gas analysis, exhalation, inflammation, instrumentation, metabolism, Asthma, Biological Markers, Blood Gas Analysis, Breath Tests, Bronchiectasis, Carbon Dioxide, Chronic Disease, Cough, Cystic Fibrosis, Exhalation, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Inflammation, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",

author = "B. Szili and A. Bikov and M. Kollai and I. Horv{\'a}th",

note = "Cited By :2 Export Date: 20 February 2019 CODEN: ORHEA Correspondence Address: Szili, B.F{\"u}v{\'e}szkert u. 6, Budapest 1083, Hungary; email: [email protected] Chemicals/CAS: budesonide, 51333-22-3, 51372-29-3; carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; fluticasone, 90566-53-3; Biological Markers; Carbon Dioxide, 124-38-9 References: Horv{\'a}th I.: A l{\'e}g{\'u}ti megbeteged{\'e}sek {\'u}jabb, nem invaz{\'i}v vizsg{\'a}l{\'o}m{\'o}dszerei. LAM, 2004, 14, 392-397; Sidorenko, G.I., Zborovskii, E.I., Lepina, D.I., Surface-active properties of the exhaled air condensate (a new method of studying lung function) (1980) Ter. Arkh, 52, pp. 65-68; Vass, G., Husz{\'a}r, E., Bar{\'a}t E. {\'e}s mtsa: A kil{\'e}gzett levego kondenz{\'a}l{\'a}sa {\'e}s a kondenz{\'a}tum elemzo vizsg{\'a}lata. {\'U}j m{\'o}dszer a t{\"u}dogy{\'o}gy{\'a}szathan (2003) Orv. Hetil, 144, pp. 2517-2524; Vass, G., Husz{\'a}r, E., Bar{\'a}t E. {\'e}s mtsai: Comparison of nasal and oral inhalation during exhaled breath condensate collection (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 167, pp. 850-855; McCafferty, J. B., Bradshaw, T. A., Tate, S. {\'e}s mtsai: Effects of breathing pattern and inspired air conditions on breath condensate pH, nitrite, and protein concentrations. Thorax, 2004, 59, 694-698; Horv{\'a}th, L., Hunt, J., Barnes, P., J. {\'e}s mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions (2005) Eur. Respir. J, 26, pp. 523-548; Horv{\'a}th, I., Szili, B., {\'e}s Kullmann, T., From the authors (2006) Eur. Respir. J, 28, pp. 252-253; Kullmann, T., Barta, I., L{\'a}z{\'a}r Z. {\'e}s mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH standardised for CO2 partial pressure (2007) Eur. Respir. J, 29, pp. 496-501; Paget-Brown, A. O., Ngamtrakulpanit, L., Smith, A. {\'e}s mtsai: Normative data for pH of exhaled breath condensate. Chest, 2006, 129, 426-430; Hunt, J. F., Erwin, E., Palmer, L. {\'e}s mtsai: Expression and activity of pH-regulatory glutaminase in the human airway epithelium. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2002, 165, 101-107; Effros, R. M., Dunning, M. B. 3rd, Biller, J. {\'e}s mtsa: The promise and perils of exhaled breath condensates. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2004, 287, 1073-1080; Dwyer, T.M., Sampling airway surface liquid: Non-volatiles in the exhaled breath condensate (2004) Lung, 182, pp. 241-250; Effros, R. M., Hoagland, K. W., Bosbous, M. {\'e}s mtsai: Dilution of respiratory solutes in exhaled condensates. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2002, 165, 663-669; Wells, K., Vaughan, J., Pajewski, T. N. {\'e}s mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH assays are not influenced by oral ammonia. Thorax, 2005, 60, 27-31; Vaughan, J., Ngamtrakulpanit, L., Pajewski, T. N. {\'e}s mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH is a robust and reproducible assay of airway acidity. Eur. Respir. J., 2003, 22, 889-894; Torrego, A., Cimbollek, S., Hew, M. {\'e}s mtsa: No effect of omeprazole on pH of exhaled breath condensate in cough associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Cough, 2005, 1, 10; Hunt, J. F., Yu, Y., Burns, J. {\'e}s mtsai: Identification of acid reflux cough using serial assays of exhaled breath condensate pH. Cough, 2006, 2, 3; Hunt, J. F., Fang, K., Malik, R. {\'e}s mtsai: Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2000, 161, 694-699; Kostikas, K, Papatheodorou, G., Ganas, K. {\'e}s mtsa: pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2002, 165, 1364-1370; Ojoo, J. C., Mulrennan, S. A., Kastelik, J. A. {\'e}s mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH and exhaled niric oxide in allergic asthma and in cystic fibrosis. Thorax, 2005, 60, 22-26; Carpagnano, G. E., Barnes, P. J., Francis, J. {\'e}s mtsai: Breath condensate pH in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma: a new noninvasive marker of airway inflammation? Chest, 2004, 125, 2005-2010; Leung, T. F., Li, C. Y., Yung, E. {\'e}s mtsai: Clinical and technical factors affecting pH and other biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Pediatr. Pulmonol., 2006, 41, 87-94; Carpagnano, G. E., Foschino Barbaro, M. P., Cagnazzo, M. {\'e}s mtsai: Use of exhaled breath condensate in the study of airway inflammation after hypertonic saline solution challenge. Chest, 2005, 128, 3159-3166; MacGregor, G., Ellis, S., Andrews, J. {\'e}s mtsai: Breath condensate ammonium is lower in children with chronic asthma (2005) Eur. Respir. J, 26, pp. 271-276; Effros, R.M., Do low exhaled condensate NH4 + concentrations in asthma reflect reduced pulmonary production? (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 167, pp. 91-92; Borrill, Z., Starkey, C., Vestho, J. {\'e}s mtsa: Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate pH in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2005) Eur. Respir. J, 25, pp. 269-274; Tate, S., MacGregor, G., Davis, M. {\'e}s mtsai: Airways in cystic fibrosis are acidified: detection by exhaled breath condensate. Thorax, 2002, 57, 926-929; McShane, D., Davies, J. C., Davies, M. G. {\'e}s mtsa: Airway surface PH in subjects with cystic fibrosis. Eur. Respir. J., 2003, 21, 37-42; Cohen, M., Sahn, S.A., Bronchiectasis in systemic diseases (1999) Chest, 116, pp. 1063-1074; Niimi, A., Nguyen, L. T., Usmani, O. {\'e}s mtsai: Reduced pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic cough. Thorax, 2004, 59, 608-612; Horv{\'a}th, I., Donnelly, L.E., Kiss A. {\'e}s mtsai: Combined use of exhaled hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in monitoring asthma (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 158, pp. 1042-1046; Bevan, S., Geppetti, P., Protons: Small stimulants of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves (1994) Trends Neurosci, 17, pp. 509-512; Doherty, M. J., Mister, R., Pearson, M. G. {\'e}s mtsa: Capsaicin responsiveness and cough in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 2000, 55, 643-649; Clary-Meinesz, C., Mouroux, J., Cosson, J. {\'e}s mtsai: Influence of external pH on ciliary beat frequency in human bronchi and bronchioles (1998) Eur. Respir. J, 11, pp. 330-333",

year = "2007",

doi = "10.1556/OH.2007.27986",

language = "Hungarian",

volume = "148",

pages = "1217--1224",

journal = "Orvosi hetilap",

issn = "0030-6002",

publisher = "Akademiai Kiado ZRt.",

number = "26",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The pH of the exhaled breath condensate:

T2 - New method for investigation of inflammatory airway diseases

AU - Szili, B.

AU - Bikov, A.

AU - Kollai, M.

AU - Horváth, I.

N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 20 February 2019 CODEN: ORHEA Correspondence Address: Szili, B.Füvészkert u. 6, Budapest 1083, Hungary; email: [email protected] Chemicals/CAS: budesonide, 51333-22-3, 51372-29-3; carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; fluticasone, 90566-53-3; Biological Markers; Carbon Dioxide, 124-38-9 References: Horváth I.: A légúti megbetegedések újabb, nem invazív vizsgálómódszerei. LAM, 2004, 14, 392-397; Sidorenko, G.I., Zborovskii, E.I., Lepina, D.I., Surface-active properties of the exhaled air condensate (a new method of studying lung function) (1980) Ter. Arkh, 52, pp. 65-68; Vass, G., Huszár, E., Barát E. és mtsa: A kilégzett levego kondenzálása és a kondenzátum elemzo vizsgálata. Új módszer a tüdogyógyászathan (2003) Orv. Hetil, 144, pp. 2517-2524; Vass, G., Huszár, E., Barát E. és mtsai: Comparison of nasal and oral inhalation during exhaled breath condensate collection (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 167, pp. 850-855; McCafferty, J. B., Bradshaw, T. A., Tate, S. és mtsai: Effects of breathing pattern and inspired air conditions on breath condensate pH, nitrite, and protein concentrations. Thorax, 2004, 59, 694-698; Horváth, L., Hunt, J., Barnes, P., J. és mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions (2005) Eur. Respir. J, 26, pp. 523-548; Horváth, I., Szili, B., és Kullmann, T., From the authors (2006) Eur. Respir. J, 28, pp. 252-253; Kullmann, T., Barta, I., Lázár Z. és mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH standardised for CO2 partial pressure (2007) Eur. Respir. J, 29, pp. 496-501; Paget-Brown, A. O., Ngamtrakulpanit, L., Smith, A. és mtsai: Normative data for pH of exhaled breath condensate. Chest, 2006, 129, 426-430; Hunt, J. F., Erwin, E., Palmer, L. és mtsai: Expression and activity of pH-regulatory glutaminase in the human airway epithelium. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2002, 165, 101-107; Effros, R. M., Dunning, M. B. 3rd, Biller, J. és mtsa: The promise and perils of exhaled breath condensates. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2004, 287, 1073-1080; Dwyer, T.M., Sampling airway surface liquid: Non-volatiles in the exhaled breath condensate (2004) Lung, 182, pp. 241-250; Effros, R. M., Hoagland, K. W., Bosbous, M. és mtsai: Dilution of respiratory solutes in exhaled condensates. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2002, 165, 663-669; Wells, K., Vaughan, J., Pajewski, T. N. és mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH assays are not influenced by oral ammonia. Thorax, 2005, 60, 27-31; Vaughan, J., Ngamtrakulpanit, L., Pajewski, T. N. és mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH is a robust and reproducible assay of airway acidity. Eur. Respir. J., 2003, 22, 889-894; Torrego, A., Cimbollek, S., Hew, M. és mtsa: No effect of omeprazole on pH of exhaled breath condensate in cough associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Cough, 2005, 1, 10; Hunt, J. F., Yu, Y., Burns, J. és mtsai: Identification of acid reflux cough using serial assays of exhaled breath condensate pH. Cough, 2006, 2, 3; Hunt, J. F., Fang, K., Malik, R. és mtsai: Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2000, 161, 694-699; Kostikas, K, Papatheodorou, G., Ganas, K. és mtsa: pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2002, 165, 1364-1370; Ojoo, J. C., Mulrennan, S. A., Kastelik, J. A. és mtsai: Exhaled breath condensate pH and exhaled niric oxide in allergic asthma and in cystic fibrosis. Thorax, 2005, 60, 22-26; Carpagnano, G. E., Barnes, P. J., Francis, J. és mtsai: Breath condensate pH in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma: a new noninvasive marker of airway inflammation? Chest, 2004, 125, 2005-2010; Leung, T. F., Li, C. Y., Yung, E. és mtsai: Clinical and technical factors affecting pH and other biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Pediatr. Pulmonol., 2006, 41, 87-94; Carpagnano, G. E., Foschino Barbaro, M. P., Cagnazzo, M. és mtsai: Use of exhaled breath condensate in the study of airway inflammation after hypertonic saline solution challenge. Chest, 2005, 128, 3159-3166; MacGregor, G., Ellis, S., Andrews, J. és mtsai: Breath condensate ammonium is lower in children with chronic asthma (2005) Eur. Respir. J, 26, pp. 271-276; Effros, R.M., Do low exhaled condensate NH4 + concentrations in asthma reflect reduced pulmonary production? (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 167, pp. 91-92; Borrill, Z., Starkey, C., Vestho, J. és mtsa: Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate pH in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2005) Eur. Respir. J, 25, pp. 269-274; Tate, S., MacGregor, G., Davis, M. és mtsai: Airways in cystic fibrosis are acidified: detection by exhaled breath condensate. Thorax, 2002, 57, 926-929; McShane, D., Davies, J. C., Davies, M. G. és mtsa: Airway surface PH in subjects with cystic fibrosis. Eur. Respir. J., 2003, 21, 37-42; Cohen, M., Sahn, S.A., Bronchiectasis in systemic diseases (1999) Chest, 116, pp. 1063-1074; Niimi, A., Nguyen, L. T., Usmani, O. és mtsai: Reduced pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic cough. Thorax, 2004, 59, 608-612; Horváth, I., Donnelly, L.E., Kiss A. és mtsai: Combined use of exhaled hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in monitoring asthma (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 158, pp. 1042-1046; Bevan, S., Geppetti, P., Protons: Small stimulants of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves (1994) Trends Neurosci, 17, pp. 509-512; Doherty, M. J., Mister, R., Pearson, M. G. és mtsa: Capsaicin responsiveness and cough in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 2000, 55, 643-649; Clary-Meinesz, C., Mouroux, J., Cosson, J. és mtsai: Influence of external pH on ciliary beat frequency in human bronchi and bronchioles (1998) Eur. Respir. J, 11, pp. 330-333

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - Collecting exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has become a frequently used method in respiratory researches to date. Through this method we can sample airway surface liquid non-invasively by streaming the exhaled breath through a cooled chamber and after we examine the fluid deposited on the wall of the condenser. The sample contains several mediators, biomarkers. The pH of the condensate is one of the most important markers measured in the EBC. Measuring the pH is easy, cheap and it is in the optimal range, there is no problem with the detection limit. The uncertainty of the pH assays is derived from the instability of the EBC pH which results from the altering carbon-dioxide concentration. Many articles have been published on EBC pH in different airway diseases. Acidification of the condensates has been described in bronchial asthma (especially in acute exacerbations), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Due to the steroid treatment the pH has increased in both cases. In patients with bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and in chronic cough (bronchial asthma, gastro-esophageal reflux, postnasal drip, and unknown origin) the pH of EBC was also lower. Acidification of the airways in different diseases can play a role in the pathomechanism, and its indicator, the EBC pH might help managing patients with airway diseases.

AB - Collecting exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has become a frequently used method in respiratory researches to date. Through this method we can sample airway surface liquid non-invasively by streaming the exhaled breath through a cooled chamber and after we examine the fluid deposited on the wall of the condenser. The sample contains several mediators, biomarkers. The pH of the condensate is one of the most important markers measured in the EBC. Measuring the pH is easy, cheap and it is in the optimal range, there is no problem with the detection limit. The uncertainty of the pH assays is derived from the instability of the EBC pH which results from the altering carbon-dioxide concentration. Many articles have been published on EBC pH in different airway diseases. Acidification of the condensates has been described in bronchial asthma (especially in acute exacerbations), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Due to the steroid treatment the pH has increased in both cases. In patients with bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and in chronic cough (bronchial asthma, gastro-esophageal reflux, postnasal drip, and unknown origin) the pH of EBC was also lower. Acidification of the airways in different diseases can play a role in the pathomechanism, and its indicator, the EBC pH might help managing patients with airway diseases.

KW - Exhaled breath condensate

KW - Inflammatory airway diseases

KW - pH

KW - biochemical marker

KW - budesonide

KW - carbon dioxide

KW - corticosteroid

KW - fluticasone

KW - biological marker

KW - acidification

KW - asthma

KW - breath analysis

KW - bronchiectasis

KW - chronic disease

KW - chronic obstructive lung disease

KW - concentration (parameters)

KW - coughing

KW - cystic fibrosis

KW - diagnostic value

KW - disease exacerbation

KW - expired air

KW - gastroesophageal reflux

KW - human

KW - non invasive procedure

KW - pathophysiology

KW - pH measurement

KW - respiratory tract inflammation

KW - review

KW - steroid therapy

KW - blood gas analysis

KW - exhalation

KW - inflammation

KW - instrumentation

KW - metabolism

KW - Asthma

KW - Biological Markers

KW - Blood Gas Analysis

KW - Breath Tests

KW - Bronchiectasis

KW - Carbon Dioxide

KW - Chronic Disease

KW - Cough

KW - Cystic Fibrosis

KW - Exhalation

KW - Gastroesophageal Reflux

KW - Humans

KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

KW - Inflammation

KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/34548219033

U2 - 10.1556/OH.2007.27986

DO - 10.1556/OH.2007.27986

M3 - Article

SN - 0030-6002

VL - 148

SP - 1217

EP - 1224

JO - Orvosi hetilap

JF - Orvosi hetilap

IS - 26