Thermal gradients in solid oxide fuel cell anodes: X-ray diffraction, thermal imaging and model prediction

Thermal gradients can be induced within solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) due to a range of design and operational considerations. These gradients coupled with the mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion between the anode and electrolyte layer can advance cell degradation and lead to cell failure. In this study a combined experimental and modelling approach is taken to investigate the effect of thermal gradients on the stresses within SOFC anodes. Experimental results obtained from investigations performed at Diamond Light Source using a concurrent X-ray diffraction and infrared thermal imaging approach are coupled with finite element analysis modelling to assess the impact of various parameters upon the cell. Operational considerations including cell polarisation and fuel flow configurations are examined to demonstrate the importance of optimization in minimising thermal gradients and subsequent stresses within the anode to prolong the lifetime of the cell whilst also maintaining the performance of the cell.