@article{88871c8d8992483f9e4b6bd82fc7c982,
title = "Timing of Pleistocene glaciations in the High Atlas, Morocco: new 10Be and 36Cl exposure ages",
abstract = "This paper presents data from 42 new samples yielding Late Pleistocene cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl exposure ages of moraine boulders across a series of glaciated valleys in the Toubkal Massif (4167 m a.s.l.), High Atlas, Morocco. This represents the first comprehensive Pleistocene glacial chronology in North Africa and one of the largest datasets from the Mediterranean region. The timing of these glacier advances has major implications for understanding the influence of Atlantic depressions on moisture supply to North Africa and the Mediterranean basin during the Pleistocene. The oldest and lowest moraines which span elevations from ∼1900 to 2400 m a.s.l. indicate that the maximum glacier advance occurred from MIS 5 to 3 with a combined mean 10Be and 36Cl age of 50.2 ± 19.5 ka (1 SD; n = 12, 7 outliers). The next moraine units up-valley at higher elevations (∼2200–2600 m a.s.l.) yielded exposure ages close to the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with a combined mean 10Be and 36Cl age of 22.0 ± 4.9 ka (1 SD; n = 9, 7 outliers). The youngest exposure ages are from moraines that were emplaced during the Younger Dryas with a combined mean 10Be and 36Cl age of 12.3 ± 0.9 ka (1 SD; n = 7, no outliers) and are found in cirques at the highest elevations ranging from ∼2900 to 3300 m a.s.l. From moraines predating the Younger Dryas, a large number of young outliers are spread evenly between 6 and 13 ka suggesting a continuing process of exhumation or repositioning of boulders during the early to mid-Holocene. This attests to active seismic processes and possibly intense erosion during this period.",
author = "Philip Hughes and David Fink and Angel Rodes and Fenton, {Cassandra R} and Toshiyuki Fujioka",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this paper and helpful suggestions for improvements. This research was funded by a Thesiger-Oman International Fellowship (2008) and Fieldcentre Grant (2013), both awarded by the Royal Geographical Society (with Institute of British Geographers) . Funding was also received from the British Society for Geomorphology , the Quaternary Research Association and The University of Manchester . 10 Be analyses at SUERC were funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (Cosmogenic Isotope Analysis Allocation # 9038.1007 & 9070.1009). We would also like to thank Christoph Schnabel formerly at the NERC Cosmogenic Isotope Analysis Facility at SUERC, for help in the initial stages of this project and Charles Mifsud for sample preparation at ANSTO. Jamie Woodward, William Fletcher, Peter Ryan, John Nudds, Jeff Blackford and several generations of students at the University of Manchester helped with the fieldwork over the past decade. AMS measurements at SUERC were carried out by Sheng Xu. We would like to thank Graham Bowden (University of Manchester) for producing all of the figures. Finally, we would like to thank staff at Dar Imlil, the Kasbah du Toubkal and G{\^i}te Tamatert and our many friends in the Imlil area for their help in undertaking this research. Appendix A Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.015",
language = "English",
volume = "180",
pages = "193--213",
journal = "Quaternary Science Reviews",
issn = "0277-3791",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}