Translation of the social difficulties inventory (SDI-21) into three south Asian languages and preliminary evaluation of SDI-21(Urdu)

Naheed Hanif, Nimarta Dharni, Adam Smith, Sangeeta Chattoo, Galina Velikova, Chris Bradley, Dan Stark, Penny Wright

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    Purpose In the United Kingdom, cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires would allow for inclusivity in assessment in cancer clinics for non-English speakers. The aim was to translate the Social Difficulties Inventory (SDI-21) into Urdu, Punjabi and Hindi and undertake preliminary evaluation of translated versions. Methods The study comprised three stages: (1) translation/ back translation and evaluation of cultural equivalence of the SDI-21, (2) south Asian (SA) patient evaluation of SDI-21 translations and (3) evaluation using Rasch analysis comparing English and Urdu SDI-21 from data pooled from this and three other studies. Results Forward/backward translation resulted in minor amendments particularly in forward translation of SDI-21(Hindi). The majority of the 55 patients interviewed found the SDI-21 acceptable and clear, resulting in no amendments (all versions). Rasch analysis demonstrated good fit. Differential item functioning (DIF) was found for one item, in the comparison of white English (WE)-and SA Urdu-speaking groups. Detailed DIF analysis comparing self-completion and read-aloud administration by language group demonstrated this DIF only held for the comparison between SA English speakers (self-completion) and SA Urdu (read out). Conclusions Translated versions are culturally and linguistically acceptable. The SDI-21 (Urdu) performs similarly to the English version when self-completed. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)431-438
    Number of pages7
    JournalQuality of Life Research
    Volume20
    Issue number3
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Apr 2011

    Keywords

    • Cancer
    • Cultural equivalence
    • Questionnaires
    • Translation

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