Abstract
Objective
To investigate opioid prescribing trends and assess the impact of the pandemic on opioid prescribing in RMDs.
Methods
Adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA) and fibromyalgia with opioid prescriptions between 01/Jan/2006─31/Aug/2021 without cancer in UK primary care were included. Age- and gender-standardised yearly rates of new and prevalent opioid users were calculated between 2006─2021. For prevalent users, monthly measures of mean morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day were calculated between 2006─2021. To assess the impact of the pandemic, we fitted regression models to the monthly number of prevalent opioid users between Jan/2015─Aug/2021. The time coefficient reflects the trend pre-pandemic and the interaction term coefficient represents the change in the trend during the pandemic.
Results
The study included 1,313,519 RMD patients. New opioid users for RA, PsA and fibromyalgia increased from 2.6, 1.0, and 3.4/10,000 persons in 2006 to 4.5, 1.8, and 8.7 in 2018 or 2019. This was followed by a fall to: 2.4, 1.2, and 5.9 in 2021 respectively. Prevalent opioid users for all RMDs increased from 2006 but plateaued/dropped beyond 2018, with a 4.5-fold increase in fibromyalgia between 2006─2021. In this period, MME/day increased for all RMDs, with the highest for fibromyalgia (≥35). During COVID-19 lockdowns, RA, PsA and fibromyalgia showed significant changes in the trend of prevalent opioid users. The trend for fibromyalgia increased pre-pandemic and started decreasing during the pandemic.
Conclusion
The plateauing/decreasing trend of opioid users for RMDs after 2018 may reflect the efforts to tackle the rising opioid prescribing in the UK. The pandemic led to fewer people on opioids for most RMDs, reassuring there was no sudden increase in opioid prescribing during the pandemic.
To investigate opioid prescribing trends and assess the impact of the pandemic on opioid prescribing in RMDs.
Methods
Adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA) and fibromyalgia with opioid prescriptions between 01/Jan/2006─31/Aug/2021 without cancer in UK primary care were included. Age- and gender-standardised yearly rates of new and prevalent opioid users were calculated between 2006─2021. For prevalent users, monthly measures of mean morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day were calculated between 2006─2021. To assess the impact of the pandemic, we fitted regression models to the monthly number of prevalent opioid users between Jan/2015─Aug/2021. The time coefficient reflects the trend pre-pandemic and the interaction term coefficient represents the change in the trend during the pandemic.
Results
The study included 1,313,519 RMD patients. New opioid users for RA, PsA and fibromyalgia increased from 2.6, 1.0, and 3.4/10,000 persons in 2006 to 4.5, 1.8, and 8.7 in 2018 or 2019. This was followed by a fall to: 2.4, 1.2, and 5.9 in 2021 respectively. Prevalent opioid users for all RMDs increased from 2006 but plateaued/dropped beyond 2018, with a 4.5-fold increase in fibromyalgia between 2006─2021. In this period, MME/day increased for all RMDs, with the highest for fibromyalgia (≥35). During COVID-19 lockdowns, RA, PsA and fibromyalgia showed significant changes in the trend of prevalent opioid users. The trend for fibromyalgia increased pre-pandemic and started decreasing during the pandemic.
Conclusion
The plateauing/decreasing trend of opioid users for RMDs after 2018 may reflect the efforts to tackle the rising opioid prescribing in the UK. The pandemic led to fewer people on opioids for most RMDs, reassuring there was no sudden increase in opioid prescribing during the pandemic.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1093–1103 |
| Journal | Rheumatology |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Early online date | 11 Jul 2023 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Apr 2024 |
Keywords
- Opioids
- trend
- rheumatoid arthritis
- psoriatic arthritis
- axial spondyloarthritis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- osteoarthritis
- fibromyalgia
- COVID-19
