Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

Carlo Santoro; Maria Jose Salar Garcia; Xavier Alexis Walter; Jiseon You; Pavlina Theodosiou; Iwona Gajda; Oluwatosin Obata; Jonathan Winfield; John Greenman; Ioannis Ieropoulos

doi:10.1002/celc.201901995

Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

Carlo Santoro, Maria Jose Salar Garcia, Xavier Alexis Walter, Jiseon You, Pavlina Theodosiou, Iwona Gajda, Oluwatosin Obata, Jonathan Winfield, John Greenman, Ioannis Ieropoulos

CE - Academic & Research

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

In recent years, human urine has been successfully used as an electrolyte and organic substrate in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) mainly due of its unique properties. Urine contains organic compounds that can be utilised as a fuel for energy recovery in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and it has high nutrient concentrations including nitrogen and phosphorous that can be concentrated and recovered in microbial electrosynthesis cells and microbial concentration cells. Moreover, human urine has high solution conductivity, which reduces the ohmic losses of these systems, improving BES output. This review describes the most recent advances in BESs utilising urine. Properties of neat human urine used in state‐of‐the‐art MFCs are described from basic to pilot‐scale and real implementation. Utilisation of urine in other bioelectrochemical systems for nutrient recovery is also discussed including proofs of concept to scale up systems.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1312-1331
Number of pages	20
Journal	ChemElectroChem
Volume	7
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201901995
Publication status	Published - 6 Mar 2020

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title = "Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review",

abstract = "In recent years, human urine has been successfully used as an electrolyte and organic substrate in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) mainly due of its unique properties. Urine contains organic compounds that can be utilised as a fuel for energy recovery in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and it has high nutrient concentrations including nitrogen and phosphorous that can be concentrated and recovered in microbial electrosynthesis cells and microbial concentration cells. Moreover, human urine has high solution conductivity, which reduces the ohmic losses of these systems, improving BES output. This review describes the most recent advances in BESs utilising urine. Properties of neat human urine used in state‐of‐the‐art MFCs are described from basic to pilot‐scale and real implementation. Utilisation of urine in other bioelectrochemical systems for nutrient recovery is also discussed including proofs of concept to scale up systems.",

author = "Carlo Santoro and Garcia, {Maria Jose Salar} and Walter, {Xavier Alexis} and Jiseon You and Pavlina Theodosiou and Iwona Gajda and Oluwatosin Obata and Jonathan Winfield and John Greenman and Ioannis Ieropoulos",

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doi = "10.1002/celc.201901995",

language = "English",

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T1 - Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

AU - Santoro, Carlo

AU - Garcia, Maria Jose Salar

AU - Walter, Xavier Alexis

AU - You, Jiseon

AU - Theodosiou, Pavlina

AU - Gajda, Iwona

AU - Obata, Oluwatosin

AU - Winfield, Jonathan

AU - Greenman, John

AU - Ieropoulos, Ioannis

PY - 2020/3/6

Y1 - 2020/3/6

N2 - In recent years, human urine has been successfully used as an electrolyte and organic substrate in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) mainly due of its unique properties. Urine contains organic compounds that can be utilised as a fuel for energy recovery in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and it has high nutrient concentrations including nitrogen and phosphorous that can be concentrated and recovered in microbial electrosynthesis cells and microbial concentration cells. Moreover, human urine has high solution conductivity, which reduces the ohmic losses of these systems, improving BES output. This review describes the most recent advances in BESs utilising urine. Properties of neat human urine used in state‐of‐the‐art MFCs are described from basic to pilot‐scale and real implementation. Utilisation of urine in other bioelectrochemical systems for nutrient recovery is also discussed including proofs of concept to scale up systems.

AB - In recent years, human urine has been successfully used as an electrolyte and organic substrate in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) mainly due of its unique properties. Urine contains organic compounds that can be utilised as a fuel for energy recovery in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and it has high nutrient concentrations including nitrogen and phosphorous that can be concentrated and recovered in microbial electrosynthesis cells and microbial concentration cells. Moreover, human urine has high solution conductivity, which reduces the ohmic losses of these systems, improving BES output. This review describes the most recent advances in BESs utilising urine. Properties of neat human urine used in state‐of‐the‐art MFCs are described from basic to pilot‐scale and real implementation. Utilisation of urine in other bioelectrochemical systems for nutrient recovery is also discussed including proofs of concept to scale up systems.

U2 - 10.1002/celc.201901995

DO - 10.1002/celc.201901995

M3 - Review article

SN - 2196-0216

VL - 7

SP - 1312

EP - 1331

JO - ChemElectroChem

JF - ChemElectroChem

IS - 6

ER -

Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

Abstract

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