Variable toroidal ferrite phase shifter

Careful design of the magnetic bias circuit used in ferrite phase shifters can help to reduce space, weight and energy consumption. Low reluctance circuits must avoid air-gaps and this can be achieved using toroidal-shaped ferrite inserts positioned inside a rectangular waveguide. Here, these ferrite inserts are fabricated using a viscous plastic processing method that avoids machining and produces a continuous magnetic circuit. Finite-element methods are used to initially model the magnetostatic solution for the bias circuit before being used to analyse the microwave performance of a double toroid phase shifter. A closed-form technique is introduced to model the dielectric slab waveguide impedance transformer. The final insertion loss was