Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study

Josef Cyrys; Marloes Eeftens; Joachim Heinrich; Christophe Ampe; Alexandre Armengaud; Rob Beelen; Tom Bellander; Timea Beregszaszi; Matthias Birk; Giulia Cesaroni; Marta Cirach; Kees de Hoogh; Audrey De Nazelle; Frank de Vocht; Christophe Declercq; Audrius Dedele; Konstantina Dimakopoulou; Kirsten Eriksen; Claudia Galassi; Regina Graulevičiene; Georgios Grivas; Olena Gruzieva; Annika Hagenbjörk Gustafsson; Barbara Hoffmann; Minas Iakovides; Alex Ineichen; Ursula Krämer; Timo Lanki; Patricia Lozano; Christian Madsen; Kees Meliefste; Lars Modig; Anna Mölter; Gioia Mosler; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Michael Nonnemacher; Marieke Oldenwening; Annette Peters; Sabrina Pontet; Nicole Probst-Hensch; Ulrich Quass; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Andrea Ranzi; Dorothee Sugiri; Euripides G. Stephanou; Pekka Taimisto; Ming Yi Tsai; Éva Vaskövi; Simona Villani; Meng Wang; Bert Brunekreef; Gerard Hoek; Anna Molter

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080

Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study

Josef Cyrys, Marloes Eeftens, Joachim Heinrich, Christophe Ampe, Alexandre Armengaud, Rob Beelen, Tom Bellander, Timea Beregszaszi, Matthias Birk, Giulia Cesaroni, Marta Cirach, Kees de Hoogh, Audrey De Nazelle, Frank de Vocht, Christophe Declercq, Audrius Dedele, Konstantina Dimakopoulou, Kirsten Eriksen, Claudia Galassi, Regina GraulevičieneGeorgios Grivas, Olena Gruzieva, Annika Hagenbjörk Gustafsson, Barbara Hoffmann, Minas Iakovides, Alex Ineichen, Ursula Krämer, Timo Lanki, Patricia Lozano, Christian Madsen, Kees Meliefste, Lars Modig, Anna Mölter, Gioia Mosler, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Michael Nonnemacher, Marieke Oldenwening, Annette Peters, Sabrina Pontet, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Ulrich Quass, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Andrea Ranzi, Dorothee Sugiri, Euripides G. Stephanou, Pekka Taimisto, Ming Yi Tsai, Éva Vaskövi, Simona Villani, Meng Wang, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Anna Molter

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The ESCAPE study (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) investigates long-term effects of exposure to air pollution on human health in Europe. This paper documents the spatial variation of measured NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 ESCAPE study areas across Europe.In all study areas NO2 and NOx were measured using standardized methods between October 2008 and April 2011. On average, 41 sites were selected per study area, including regional and urban background as well as street sites. The measurements were conducted in three different seasons, using Ogawa badges. Average concentrations for each site were calculated after adjustment for temporal variation using data obtained from a routine monitor background site.Substantial spatial variability was found in NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within study areas; 40% of the overall NO2 variance was attributable to the variability between study areas and 60% to variability within study areas. The corresponding values for NOx were 30% and 70%. The within-area spatial variability was mostly determined by differences between street and urban background concentrations. The street/urban background concentration ratio for NO2 varied between 1.09 and 3.16 across areas. The highest median concentrations were observed in Southern Europe, the lowest in Northern Europe.In conclusion, we found significant contrasts in annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations between and especially within 36 study areas across Europe. Epidemiological long-term studies should therefore consider different approaches for better characterization of the intra-urban contrasts, either by increasing of the number of monitors or by modelling. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	374-390
Number of pages	16
Journal	Atmospheric Environment
Volume	62
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080
Publication status	Published - Dec 2012

Keywords

Air pollution
ESCAPE study
Long term
NO2
NOx
Spatial variation
Traffic

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080

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Cyrys, J., Eeftens, M., Heinrich, J., Ampe, C., Armengaud, A., Beelen, R., Bellander, T., Beregszaszi, T., Birk, M., Cesaroni, G., Cirach, M., de Hoogh, K., De Nazelle, A., de Vocht, F., Declercq, C., Dedele, A., Dimakopoulou, K., Eriksen, K., Galassi, C., ... Molter, A. (2012). Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study. Atmospheric Environment, 62, 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080

@article{f46ec829718147cb9c08a7d23bd14502,

title = "Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study",

abstract = "The ESCAPE study (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) investigates long-term effects of exposure to air pollution on human health in Europe. This paper documents the spatial variation of measured NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 ESCAPE study areas across Europe.In all study areas NO2 and NOx were measured using standardized methods between October 2008 and April 2011. On average, 41 sites were selected per study area, including regional and urban background as well as street sites. The measurements were conducted in three different seasons, using Ogawa badges. Average concentrations for each site were calculated after adjustment for temporal variation using data obtained from a routine monitor background site.Substantial spatial variability was found in NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within study areas; 40% of the overall NO2 variance was attributable to the variability between study areas and 60% to variability within study areas. The corresponding values for NOx were 30% and 70%. The within-area spatial variability was mostly determined by differences between street and urban background concentrations. The street/urban background concentration ratio for NO2 varied between 1.09 and 3.16 across areas. The highest median concentrations were observed in Southern Europe, the lowest in Northern Europe.In conclusion, we found significant contrasts in annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations between and especially within 36 study areas across Europe. Epidemiological long-term studies should therefore consider different approaches for better characterization of the intra-urban contrasts, either by increasing of the number of monitors or by modelling. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier Ltd.",

keywords = "Air pollution, ESCAPE study, Long term, NO2, NOx, Spatial variation, Traffic",

author = "Josef Cyrys and Marloes Eeftens and Joachim Heinrich and Christophe Ampe and Alexandre Armengaud and Rob Beelen and Tom Bellander and Timea Beregszaszi and Matthias Birk and Giulia Cesaroni and Marta Cirach and {de Hoogh}, Kees and {De Nazelle}, Audrey and {de Vocht}, Frank and Christophe Declercq and Audrius Dedele and Konstantina Dimakopoulou and Kirsten Eriksen and Claudia Galassi and Regina Graulevi{\v c}iene and Georgios Grivas and Olena Gruzieva and Gustafsson, {Annika Hagenbj{\"o}rk} and Barbara Hoffmann and Minas Iakovides and Alex Ineichen and Ursula Kr{\"a}mer and Timo Lanki and Patricia Lozano and Christian Madsen and Kees Meliefste and Lars Modig and Anna M{\"o}lter and Gioia Mosler and Mark Nieuwenhuijsen and Michael Nonnemacher and Marieke Oldenwening and Annette Peters and Sabrina Pontet and Nicole Probst-Hensch and Ulrich Quass and Ole Raaschou-Nielsen and Andrea Ranzi and Dorothee Sugiri and Stephanou, {Euripides G.} and Pekka Taimisto and Tsai, {Ming Yi} and {\'E}va Vask{\"o}vi and Simona Villani and Meng Wang and Bert Brunekreef and Gerard Hoek and Anna Molter",

year = "2012",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080",

language = "English",

volume = "62",

pages = "374--390",

journal = "Atmospheric Environment",

issn = "1352-2310",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

}

Cyrys, J, Eeftens, M, Heinrich, J, Ampe, C, Armengaud, A, Beelen, R, Bellander, T, Beregszaszi, T, Birk, M, Cesaroni, G, Cirach, M, de Hoogh, K, De Nazelle, A, de Vocht, F, Declercq, C, Dedele, A, Dimakopoulou, K, Eriksen, K, Galassi, C, Graulevičiene, R, Grivas, G, Gruzieva, O, Gustafsson, AH, Hoffmann, B, Iakovides, M, Ineichen, A, Krämer, U, Lanki, T, Lozano, P, Madsen, C, Meliefste, K, Modig, L, Mölter, A, Mosler, G, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Nonnemacher, M, Oldenwening, M, Peters, A, Pontet, S, Probst-Hensch, N, Quass, U, Raaschou-Nielsen, O, Ranzi, A, Sugiri, D, Stephanou, EG, Taimisto, P, Tsai, MY, Vaskövi, É, Villani, S, Wang, M, Brunekreef, B, Hoek, G & Molter, A 2012, 'Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study', Atmospheric Environment, vol. 62, pp. 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080

TY - JOUR

T1 - Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study

AU - Cyrys, Josef

AU - Eeftens, Marloes

AU - Heinrich, Joachim

AU - Ampe, Christophe

AU - Armengaud, Alexandre

AU - Beelen, Rob

AU - Bellander, Tom

AU - Beregszaszi, Timea

AU - Birk, Matthias

AU - Cesaroni, Giulia

AU - Cirach, Marta

AU - de Hoogh, Kees

AU - De Nazelle, Audrey

AU - de Vocht, Frank

AU - Declercq, Christophe

AU - Dedele, Audrius

AU - Dimakopoulou, Konstantina

AU - Eriksen, Kirsten

AU - Galassi, Claudia

AU - Graulevičiene, Regina

AU - Grivas, Georgios

AU - Gruzieva, Olena

AU - Gustafsson, Annika Hagenbjörk

AU - Hoffmann, Barbara

AU - Iakovides, Minas

AU - Ineichen, Alex

AU - Krämer, Ursula

AU - Lanki, Timo

AU - Lozano, Patricia

AU - Madsen, Christian

AU - Meliefste, Kees

AU - Modig, Lars

AU - Mölter, Anna

AU - Mosler, Gioia

AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark

AU - Nonnemacher, Michael

AU - Oldenwening, Marieke

AU - Peters, Annette

AU - Pontet, Sabrina

AU - Probst-Hensch, Nicole

AU - Quass, Ulrich

AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

AU - Ranzi, Andrea

AU - Sugiri, Dorothee

AU - Stephanou, Euripides G.

AU - Taimisto, Pekka

AU - Tsai, Ming Yi

AU - Vaskövi, Éva

AU - Villani, Simona

AU - Wang, Meng

AU - Brunekreef, Bert

AU - Hoek, Gerard

AU - Molter, Anna

PY - 2012/12

Y1 - 2012/12

N2 - The ESCAPE study (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) investigates long-term effects of exposure to air pollution on human health in Europe. This paper documents the spatial variation of measured NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 ESCAPE study areas across Europe.In all study areas NO2 and NOx were measured using standardized methods between October 2008 and April 2011. On average, 41 sites were selected per study area, including regional and urban background as well as street sites. The measurements were conducted in three different seasons, using Ogawa badges. Average concentrations for each site were calculated after adjustment for temporal variation using data obtained from a routine monitor background site.Substantial spatial variability was found in NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within study areas; 40% of the overall NO2 variance was attributable to the variability between study areas and 60% to variability within study areas. The corresponding values for NOx were 30% and 70%. The within-area spatial variability was mostly determined by differences between street and urban background concentrations. The street/urban background concentration ratio for NO2 varied between 1.09 and 3.16 across areas. The highest median concentrations were observed in Southern Europe, the lowest in Northern Europe.In conclusion, we found significant contrasts in annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations between and especially within 36 study areas across Europe. Epidemiological long-term studies should therefore consider different approaches for better characterization of the intra-urban contrasts, either by increasing of the number of monitors or by modelling. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

AB - The ESCAPE study (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) investigates long-term effects of exposure to air pollution on human health in Europe. This paper documents the spatial variation of measured NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 ESCAPE study areas across Europe.In all study areas NO2 and NOx were measured using standardized methods between October 2008 and April 2011. On average, 41 sites were selected per study area, including regional and urban background as well as street sites. The measurements were conducted in three different seasons, using Ogawa badges. Average concentrations for each site were calculated after adjustment for temporal variation using data obtained from a routine monitor background site.Substantial spatial variability was found in NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within study areas; 40% of the overall NO2 variance was attributable to the variability between study areas and 60% to variability within study areas. The corresponding values for NOx were 30% and 70%. The within-area spatial variability was mostly determined by differences between street and urban background concentrations. The street/urban background concentration ratio for NO2 varied between 1.09 and 3.16 across areas. The highest median concentrations were observed in Southern Europe, the lowest in Northern Europe.In conclusion, we found significant contrasts in annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations between and especially within 36 study areas across Europe. Epidemiological long-term studies should therefore consider different approaches for better characterization of the intra-urban contrasts, either by increasing of the number of monitors or by modelling. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

KW - Air pollution

KW - ESCAPE study

KW - Long term

KW - NO2

KW - NOx

KW - Spatial variation

KW - Traffic

U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080

DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080

M3 - Article

SN - 1352-2310

VL - 62

SP - 374

EP - 390

JO - Atmospheric Environment

JF - Atmospheric Environment

ER -

Variation of NO2 and NOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results from the ESCAPE study

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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