Warming alters competition for organic and inorganic nitrogen between co-existing grassland plant species

Introduction
Grass species may acquire different forms of nitrogen (N) to reduce competition for the same resources. Climate change influences the availability of soil N and is therefore likely to cause shifts in N forms acquired by plants, thereby affecting their competitive interactions.
Methods
We investigated the effects of warming on the uptake of different N forms and competitive interactions of Festuca ovina and Anthoxanthum odoratum in a pot experiment. The plants were grown either in monocultures or mixture, and at ambient or elevated temperature (+10 °C), and supplied with 13C and 15N isotopes to test for treatment effects on the relative uptake of ammonium, alanine or tri-alanine.
Results
Both grass species took up relatively more N supplied as ammonium than as alanine or tri-alanine when grown under ambient conditions in monoculture. In contrast, when grown in mixtures, F. ovina took up the three supplied N forms in equal amounts, whereas A. odoratum switched to tri-alanine as the main N form. Under warmed conditions, both species took up the N forms equally, irrespective of competition treatments.
Conclusions
We have shown that grass species grown in mixture and under ambient conditions reduce competition by acquiring different N forms. Warming increased the availability of inorganic N in the soil and therefore deregulated the need for differential uptake of N forms.
Keywords
Amino acid Peptide Nutrient Coexistence Niche differentiation