The Role of Intuition in Site Analysis

Abstract

Architects undertake site analysis to assess whether a particular site can accommodate a given building. Previous literature described site analysis as a structured process that precedes design. This process centred on approaches that restrict or eliminate the use of intuition. The reality, however, is that much site analysis proceeds through design, where conjectural solutions are used to test the feasibility of accommodating a building on a given site. Intuition is needed to allow for the generation of conjectural solutions when information is missing, but our understanding of the use of intuition is limited. Therefore, this study explores the role of intuition in site analysis. It draws on dual-processing theory, where cognitive processes are divided into Type 1 and 2; the former being intuitive and efficient, and the latter effortful and slow. 21 semi-structured interviews and target ethnography observations of 3 case studies were conducted. The findings indicate site analysis as practiced is more closely aligned with the co-evolution model. To move between problems and solutions architects rely on three approaches: normative, which focuses on guidance and procedures used when experience is limited; positive which relies on scientific methods to solve complex problems; and intuitive which allows design-process to proceed when information is missing. Designers' decisions on how to proceed, and if site analysis is reaching resolution are influenced by motivational factors such as feelings of certainty, and situational factors associated with time available. However, these feelings can be associated with decisions of any quality, therefore, there can be a disparity between a solution that is perceived as satisfactory and a solution that actually resolves the problem. Poor solutions can be positively validated in collaboration or through key actors' feedback. The intuitive approach also includes the use of heuristics associated with substituting difficult questions with easy responses, and narrative development accompanying solution exploration which can engender a false sense of certainty. The study weaves site analysis, cognitive and design theory together to build an integrative theory which explains how information gathering proceeds in design process. This research shows how good and bad design decisions are made, with implications for practice and education.

Date of Award	1 Aug 2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	The University of Manchester
Supervisor	Alan Lewis (Supervisor)